PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.